World War II Through the 1970s Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

World War II Through the 1970s - Essay Example This paper explores significant turning points in American history at the said time. In addition, the paper explores the impact that the developments had on America’s society, economy, politics, and culture. Moreover, the paper explores why Americans in the late 1930s did not wish to be engaged in the World War II. The paper also explores significant contributions made by women during World War II as well civil rights breakthroughs after World War II. Lastly, the paper explores the impact of Vietnam War on the new generation of young Americans as well as President Johnson’s â€Å"Great Society.† #1 Some of the two turning points in American history post World War II through to 1970s include the cold war era and Civil Rights Movements. The Cold War intensified moments after the end of the Second World War. When the war ended marked by an allied victory, material differences surfaced between America and the Soviets. Cold War was a period of tension, suspicions, and hostility between U.S. and Soviet Union spanning from mid-40s to the late 80s. During the period, there were indirect conflicts such as Vietnam War, Cuban missile crisis, and Korea wars (Armstrong, 1998). American civil rights movement had its roots in the century-long efforts of African slaves, as well as their descendants in efforts to get rid of institution of slavery and racial oppression. The U.S. Constitution amendments did not entirely emancipate the slaves as it did not secure federal protection of the civil rights. Significant happenings during the Civil Rights Movement include desegregating Little Rock (1957), sit-ins (1960), Freedom rides (1961), voter registrations, Albany Movement (1961-1962), Birmingham Campaign (1963-1964), March on Washington (1963), and Civil Rights Act of 1964. #2 The cold war shaped American foreign policy as well as political ideology. Cold War also had a substantial bearing on the American presidency. Similarly, Cold War has led to some politic ians using anti-communist hysteria to advance their rightist agenda. The Cold War also influenced domestic policy both socially and economically. The social impact includes regression of social reforms; the economic impact dwells on enormous industrial growth aided by heavy government expansion. Traces of hostility between the U.S. and Soviet Union, now Russia, are still evident in platforms such as UN Security Council where each party vetoes the other in defense of each party’s interests (Armstrong, 1998). The Civil Rights Movement in 1960s has had a remarkable influence on American society far beyond the struggle for racial justice and equality. Many of the principles, strategies and tactics employed by the civil rights organization such as peaceful protests and acts of civil disobedience such as sit-ins have informed and inspired the social movements of today. Civil Rights Movement has impacted on education and politics in terms of desegregation and other aspects centered on affirmative action. Civil Rights Movements have led to de-institutionalization of discrimination, which has changed America culturally. #3 From 1920s to the 1930s America’s foreign policy leaned towards isolationist. During the Great depression, the focus was on economic growth and the principal determination was to stay out of any conflict as espoused by its isolationist, non-interventionism, and neutrality policy. The isolationist sentiment was inspired partly by the depression. The U.S. thought that they could only fix the depression domestically, and involvement in conflicts was more of a sideshow. Isolationists wanted to stay out of war at any cost as the depression threatened to

Horizontal Occupational Gender Segregation Term Paper

Horizontal Occupational Gender Segregation - Term Paper Example There is huge inequality between men and women in job distribution in the labour force. Men are considered to be stronger and powerful as compared to women who are considered to be too weak to engage in heavy labour. Women having similar qualification as men are offered inferior jobs because of which they have to face the brutality of inequality (Tackling Occupational Segregation Fact Sheet). According to Robert M. Blackburn and Jennifer Jarman, â€Å"Horizontal occupational segregation has been the heart of debates about gender inequality†. It shows that social injustice is been done to women in the workplace thus leading to improper utilization of the human resources. It also reveals the wider perspective of the society as a whole. A research was conducted to investigate the pattern of gender difference and inequality in employment using a new concept of segregation. This new system measured to which extent differences exist between men and women employed in different occupa tion. It studied the changes in gender segregation in Canada between 1981 and 1996. It was found that this trend still continued with just a slight decline in the overall segregation. This new system measured to which extent differences exist between men and women employed in different occupation. It studied the changes in gender segregation in Canada between 1981 and 1996. It was found that this trend still continued with just a slight decline in the overall segregation. Vertical segregation (inequality associated with occupational earnings) declined up to 41% but an increase in horizontal segregation, that is, difference without such inequality. The result said that women are slowly increasing their participation in areas mainly dominated by men.

Chapter 2 Discussion Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chapter 2 Discussion Questions - Essay Example However, there are certain differences between groups and teams which are easily visible. A group is often self-formed and thus a collection of like-minded individuals. As a result, there is more protection of self-esteem, and the feeling of oneness. In addition, no hierarchy and no external influence are allowed. On the other hand, a team is purely based on the idea that it has a shared task and that each individual has a role to play which directly affects the project (p. 35). In addition, a team is essentially task-focused and hence, interactions too are task-oriented. So, it is allowed and common to consult others for practical advice. The most essential feature is the absence of ‘not one of us’ attitude that is seen in a group. In a team, members realize the need to have differently skilled people for task fulfillment. In total, a team is totally focused on the task to be accomplished unlike a group that might stress more on group values. II It is very clear that gr oup cohesion is different from team cohesion. The first difference lies in the fact that group cohesion is, most of the time, a natural mechanism and is based on the ‘we’ feeling of like-minded workers. A group arises when a number of workers find that they have something in common.

Critical thinking case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critical thinking case study - Essay Example 1. Assumes that the new product would help in restoring the old glorious status of AcuScan in the market. 2. Pat assumes that in order to thwart competition, the product must be announced and deployed within eight months 3. Assumes Secur-A Corporation is looking into this new retail opportunity and will come up with "some kind" of retail application in few months time. 4. Assumes that if others disagree with her that means they are not committed to the project and are trying to hamper the progress of the new product. 5. Assumes that producing a new product by August will not be difficult since AcuScan already has iScanner that can help in building the new product faster. 6. Predicts little investment on the part of staff's time and energy, which was one of the concerns, cited by Kelly. 7. Pat is looking for bringing out a new product in the market even if its not high quality for she feels that it's better to be first in the market than being high on quality. 8. Assumed customers would love the new product and actually felt they would be thrilled no matter what the product was. 9. Assumed I was "nit-picking" when tried to gather information. 10. Assumed project could be lent to outside contractors so that it would be finished on time. 11. Sees herself as a leader and a visionary and thus she must communicate her "dream" to everyone else. Chris Martinas - Vice President of Product Development 1. Agrees with Pat on some of her assumptions. a. Secure-A Corporation may come out with a product soon. b. Like Pat, Chris also sees minimal investment of existing staff's time since new product is a modified version of the existing old product. c. Must enter the market fast since speed is the main concern and not quality. d. This new product will help the company attain... 1. Kelly Thomas is of the view that Pat Lambert should not be assigned leadership since she doubts Pat's ability to lead. Kelly assumes that Pat doesn't possess the qualities required to lead "Operation Optimize" since Pat has irrelevant previous experience in a cereal industry. 2. Since Pat was unable to comprehend the term "QC," Kelly assumes Pat has no knowledge of quality control and the difficulties associated with the same. Thus she feels it would be impossible to produce a new product under her guidance. Cliff O'Connor: Cliff believes that a new product would "recapture our position as a market leader with our technology." Cliff further argues that AcuScan needs Pat's creativity. He views "Operation Optimize" as not something too different from the old product iScanner. Pat Lambert: Argues that iScanner should be modified and should be launched in a non-vertical market and sees this as the only viable solution for long-term growth. Pat argues that Kelly initially said it was easier to build on the existing product and create a new product from an old one. Finally, Pat also needs additional funding to hire an outside contractor for the completion of this product on time. After analyzing the situation

Design bandpass FIR digital filter to extract sub-Hz low frequency Dissertation

Design bandpass FIR digital filter to extract sub-Hz low frequency signal - Dissertation Example The aim of this research work is to design and performance evaluation of 0.2 – 0.5 Hz Butterworth, Blackman and Chebyshev digital semi adaptive filters. For this work XILINX and MATLAB software’s were used for the design. As pert of practical research work these designs were translated Using FPGA hardware SPARTAN-3E kit. These were optimized, analyzed, compared and evaluated keeping the sampling frequency at 1Hz for 64 orders. These filters designed using software were tested by passing a sinusoidal test signal of 5 Hz along with noise and the filtered Output signals are presented. Signal to Noise ratios were evaluated, plotted and comparative analysis carried out in this paper. Keywords Digital filter, XILINX and MATLAB software’s, Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA), SPARTAN-3E, DSP Chips, DIP switches Contents ABSTRACT 2 Contents 3 1. INTRODUCTION. 5 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 7 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. 44 6. CONCLUSION 54 Reference list 55 1. INTRODUCTION. 1.1 Problem statement. The possibility of real time and low cost digital filtering emerged in when general purpose of microcomputers were introduced in the 1970s. The earlier designed digital filters had limited precision and speed which limited them to a restricted their application to simple algorithms and low frequency . In the 1980s, in its historical development DSP Chips which were of higher special cost were introduced (Tomlinson 1991). This contained an on chip D/A converter were incorporated and later improvements in their speed and complexity were advanced by ICS . This gave birth to the advanced digital filter design of today ( VolKenberg, 1987). Availability of F.P.G.A series kits helps researchers to take practical designs of semi adaptive band pass filters from low to high frequencies. It is on this basis that this project is designed to provide a high factor and high performance factor in attenuating frequencies which are undesirable for certain applications like the elec trocardiogram. 1.2 Objective The objectives of this project are: To inter-grate a low pass and high pass digital filters in a substrate known as band pass filter. To design FIR band pass that can help to extract low frequency of between 0.2-0.5 Hz 1.3 Scope of work The scope of this work is to design and develop a finite impulse response band pass digital filter. The following lists of objectives must be completed with the following in mind: 1. The scope of this project is making literature review which will survey on the magazine, journal, textbooks or conference papers. 2. During literature review, all the information such as theory and design of a digital filter will be explored. 3. Calculation based on Butter-worth and Chebyshev response will be done 4. Entering of the filter characteristics to generate coefficients using the FDAT tool block. 5. After the coefficients have been generated by the use of the FDAT tool block, design simulation using the FIR block will be done. 6. Th e last step in the finite impulse response band base filter design will be to hardware verify the performance of the hardware in the loop. 7. The preliminary work will use MATLAB tools and the result will compare with the theoretical result. 8. Finally, fabricate and make measurement for analysis result will be made based on the designed device. 1.4 METHODOLOGY This project will start with the background study of band pass basic concept through hole

Utilitarianism. Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) and John Stuart Mill Essay

Utilitarianism. Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) and John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) - Essay Example As Bentham wrote in Chapter 1 of ‘An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation,’ "By the principle of utility is meant that principle which approves or disapproves of every action whatsoever, according to the tendency it appears to have to augment or diminish the happiness of the party whose interest is in question: or, what is the same thing in other words, to promote or to oppose that happiness." (Bentham, 1823) Utilitarianism addresses the philosophical problem that occurs in the definition of â€Å"the good† in a pluralistic society where many people may differ on defining exactly what constitutes objective standards in moral reasoning. Utilitarianism is important in its relationship to the development of empirical standards in science to replace theological justifications of right and wrong in society, as well as in the growth of democracy, which required a solution to moral issues related to the disagreement among groups with different standar ds of belief. Utilitarianism is often summarized as â€Å"the greatest good for the greatest number† being used to calculate the moral correctness of an action, decision, or policy for both individuals and society on a common standard. According to Larsen (2011), utilitarianism is â€Å"a normative ethical theory under ethical Naturalism† and also a â€Å"teleological – consequential (outcome based) – ethical theory†.... ed upon their outcome in society in producing the greatest good for the greatest number of people, and that the ‘utility’ of an action can be calculated through its use in the production of this social good. Utilitarianism as a guide to personal behavior can relate to both personal experiences of happiness or pleasure as a guide to conduct and a recognition of the greater good of society as a higher motivation for service. Through this, the basis for moral action is established in Utilitarianism for both the individual and society. One of the major ways that Bentham and Mill differed in their theory of Utilitarianism is that Bentham based his definition of ‘the good’ in a limited formulation of pleasure and pain that defined happiness objectively through the individual, but tended to reduce Utilitarianism to the principles of hedonism, while Mill based his definition of Utilitarianism in a conceptually expanded view of happiness that included societal ideals , virtues, and altruistic beliefs of human activity in order to represent ‘the greater good’ in a wider manner. (Driver, 2009) Another difference is that Bentham is regarded retrospectively as proposing â€Å"Act Utilitarianism† whereas Mill was an advocate of â€Å"Rule Utilitarianism†. (Lotito, 2002) Act Utilitarianism applies logic and reasoning to each individual and collective activity in order to determine through direct cognition, moral reasoning, and reflection whether or not the activity serves the happiness of the greatest number of people. Rule Utilitarianism seeks to establish predetermined rules of order related to moral reasoning that can be applied by the individual or groups in making decisions that operate on their own fundamentals of interpretation according to utilitarian logic and can

Web 2.0. The second generation of the World Wide Web Essay Example for Free

Web 2.0. The second generation of the World Wide Web Essay Web 2. 0 is the term given to describe a second generation of the World Wide Web that is focused on the ability for people to collaborate and share information online. Web 2. 0 basically refers to the transition from static HTML Web pages to a more dynamic Web that is more organized and is based on serving Web applications to users. Other improved functionality of Web 2. 0 includes open communication with an emphasis on Web-based communities of users, and more open sharing of information. Over time Web 2. 0 has been used more as a marketing term than a computer-science-based term. Blogs, wikis, and Web services are all seen as components of Web 2. 0. Web 2. 0 was previously used as a synonym for Semantic Web, but while the two are similar, they do not share precisely the same meaning What is Web 2. 0 technology? Web 2. 0 is the term used to describe a variety of web sites and applications that allow anyone to create and share online information or material they have created. A key element of the technology is that it allows people to create, share, collaborate communicate. Web 2. 0 differs from other types of websites as it does not require any web design or publishing skills to participate, making it easy for people to create and publish or communicate their work to the world. The nature of this technology makes it an easy and popular way to communicate information to either a select group of people or to a much wider audience. The University can make use of these tools to communicate with students, staff and the wider academic community. It can also be an effective way to communicate and interact with students and research colleagues. There are number of different types of web 2. 0 applications including wikis, blogs, social networking, folksonomies, podcasting content hosting services. Many of the most popular websites are Web 2. 0 sites such as Wikipedia, YouTube, Facebook, MySpace, Flickr. Web 2. 0 (or Web 2) is the popular term for advanced Internet technology and applications including blogs, wikis, RSS and social bookmarking. The two major components of Web 2. are the technological advances enabled by Ajax and other new applications such as RSS and Eclipse and the user empowerment that they support Tim OReilly is generally credited with inventing the term, following a conference dealing with next-generation Web concepts and issues held by OReilly Media and MediaLive International in 2004. OReilly Media has subsequently been energetic about trying to copyright Web 2. 0 and holds an annual conference of the same name. There is, however, some dispute about whether OReilly is responsible for the original coinage. Joe Firmage, for instance, used Web 2. 0 to describe using the World Wide Web as a platform in 2003. One of the most significant differences between Web 2. 0 and the traditional World Wide Web (retroactively referred to as Web 1. 0) is greater collaboration among Internet users and other users, content providers, and enterprises. Originally, data was posted on Web sites, and users simply viewed or downloaded the content. Increasingly, users have more input into the nature and scope of Web content and in some cases exert real-time control over it. For example, multiple-vendor online book outlets such as BookFinder4U make it possible for users to upload book reviews as well as find rare and out-of-print books at a minimum price, and dynamic encyclopedias such as Wikipedia allow users to create and edit the content of a worldwide information database in multiple languages. Internet forums have become more extensive and led to the proliferation of blogging. The dissemination of news evolved into RSS. There is no clear-cut demarcation between Web 2. 0 and Web 1. 0 technologies, hardware and applications. The distinction is, to a large extent, subjective. Here are a few characteristics often noted as descriptive of Web 2. 0: * blogging * Ajax and other new technologies * Google Base and other free Web services * RSS-generated syndication * social bookmarking * mash-ups * wikis and other collaborative applications * dynamic as opposed to static site content * interactive encyclopedias and dictionaries * ease of data creation, modification or deletion by individual users * advanced gaming. Critics of Web 2. 0 maintain that it makes it too easy for the average person to affect online content and that, as a result, the credibility, ethics and even legality of Web content could suffer. Defenders of Web 2. 0 point out that these problems have existed ever since the infancy of the medium and that the alternative widespread censorship based on ill-defined elitism would be far worse. The final judgment concerning any Web content, say the defenders, should be made by end users alone. Web 2. 0 reflects evolution in that direction. Some industry pundits are already claiming that Web 2. 0 is merely a transitional phase between the early days of the World Wide Webs existence and a more established phase theyre calling Web 3. 0.